This patch rearranges the code division between nd6.c and ip6.c such
that the latter does not need to access ND6-internal data structures
(specifically, "default_router_list") directly anymore.
Generally speaking, packets with a loopback destination address -
127.0.0.1 for IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6 - should not be accepted on
non-loopback interfaces. For IPv4, this is implied by RFC 1122
Sec. 3.2.1.3. For IPv6, it is mandated by RFC 4291 Sec. 2.5.3.
Failure to perform this filtering may have security implications, as
applications that bind sockets to loopback addresses may not expect
that nodes on the local external network be able to produce traffic
that will arrive at such sockets.
With this patch, lwIP drops packets that are sent to a loopback
address but do not originate from the interface that has the loopback
address assigned to it. This approach works regardless of whether it
is lwIP or the system using it that implements a loopback netif. The
only exception that must be made is for configurations that enable
netif packet loopback but disable the lwIP loopback netif: in that
case, loopback packets are routed across non-loopback netifs and would
thus be lost by the new filter as well.
For IPv6, loopback-destined packets are also no longer forwarded; the
IPv4 forwarding code already had a check for that.
As a small performance improvement, the IPv6 link-local/loopback
address check is now performed only once per packet rather than
repeatedly for every candidate netif.
In general, netif_default may be NULL, and various places in the code
already check for this case before attempting to dereference the
netif_default pointer. Some places do not perform this check though,
and may cause null pointer dereferences if netif_default is not set.
This patch adds NULL checks to those places as well.
In the BSD socket API world, IP_HDRINCL is a socket option for "raw"
sockets that indicates whether sent packets already include an IP
header. Within lwIP, "IP_HDRINCL" is redefined as a special value
that indicates to lwIP-internal functions that an IP header is already
included. While somewhat related, the two meanings are different and,
on platforms that define the IP_HDRINCL socket option, this results in
a conflict. This patch renames the lwIP one to "LWIP_IP_HDRINCL",
thus resolving the conflict.
ip_addr_t is used for all generic IP addresses for the API, ip(4/6)_addr_t are only used internally or when initializing netifs or when calling version-related functions
