* feat: s01-s14 docs quality overhaul — tool pipeline, single-agent, knowledge & resilience Rewrite code.py and README (zh/en/ja) for s01-s14, each chapter building incrementally on the previous. Key fixes across chapters: - s01-s04: agent loop, tool dispatch, permission pipeline, hooks - s05-s08: todo write, subagent, skill loading, context compact - s09-s11: memory system, system prompt assembly, error recovery - s12-s14: task graph, background tasks, cron scheduler All chapters CC source-verified. Code inherits fixes forward (PROMPT_SECTIONS, json.dumps cache, real-state context, can_start dep protection, etc.). * feat: s15-s19 docs quality overhaul — multi-agent platform: teams, protocols, autonomy, worktree, MCP tools Rewrite code.py and README (zh/en/ja) for s15-s19, the multi-agent platform chapters. Each chapter inherits all previous fixes and adds one mechanism: - s15: agent teams (TeamCreate, teammate threads, shared task list) - s16: team protocols (plan approval, shutdown handshake, consume_inbox) - s17: autonomous agents (idle polling, auto-claim, consume_lead_inbox) - s18: worktree isolation (git worktree, bind_task, cwd switching, safety) - s19: MCP tools (MCPClient, normalize_mcp_name, assemble_tool_pool, no cache) All appendix source code references verified against CC source. Config priority corrected: claude.ai < plugin < user < project < local. * fix: 5 regressions across s05-s19 — glob safety, todo validation, memory extraction, protocol types, dep crash - s05-s09: glob results now filter with is_relative_to(WORKDIR) (inherited from s02) - s06-s08: todo_write validates content/status required fields (inherited from s05) - s09: extract_memories uses pre-compression snapshot instead of compacted messages - s16: submit_plan docstring clarifies protocol-only (not code-level gate) - s17-s19: match_response restores type mismatch validation (from s16) - s17-s19: claim_task deps list handles missing dep files without crashing * fix: s12 Todo V2 logic reversal, s14/s15 cron range validation, s18/s19 worktree name validation - s12 README (zh/en/ja): fix Todo V2 direction — interactive defaults to Task, non-interactive/SDK defaults to TodoWrite. Fix env var name to CLAUDE_CODE_ENABLE_TASKS (not TODO_V2). - s14/s15: add _validate_cron_field with per-field range checks (minute 0-59, hour 0-23, dom 1-31, month 1-12, dow 0-6), step > 0, range lo <= hi. Replace old try/except validation that only caught exceptions. - s18/s19: add validate_worktree_name() to remove_worktree and keep_worktree, not just create_worktree. * fix: align s16-s19 teaching tool consistency * fix pr265 chapter diagrams * Add comprehensive s20 harness chapter * Fix chapter smoke test regressions * Clarify README tutorial track transition --------- Co-authored-by: Haoran <bill-billion@outlook.com>
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s11: Error Recovery — 错误不是结束,是重试的开始
s01 → ... → s09 → s10 → s11 → s12 → s13 → ... → s20
"错误不是终点, 是重试的起点" — 升级 token、压缩上下文、切换模型。
Harness 层: 韧性 — 主循环遇到错误时分类并恢复。
问题
Agent 跑着跑着报错了:
Error: 529 overloaded
Agent 崩溃了。它没有重试,没有换模型,没有减少上下文——直接崩溃。
生产环境中 API 错误是常态。三种最常见的故障模式:输出被截断(模型话说一半 token 用完了)、上下文超限(压缩后还是太长)、临时故障(429 限流 / 529 过载)。一个不处理错误的 Agent 就像一个一碰就熄火的车。
解决方案
s10 的循环、prompt 组装全部保留。唯一的变动:LLM 调用包裹在 try/except 里,根据错误类型走不同的恢复路径。恢复后 continue 回到循环开头重新调用 LLM。
三种最常见的恢复模式(教学版只处理 429/529;真实系统还覆盖连接错误、超时、云厂商认证缓存等。CC 实际有 13+ reason code,其余见 Deep dive):
| 模式 | 触发 | 恢复动作 |
|---|---|---|
| 输出截断 | max_tokens |
升级 8K→64K / 续写提示 |
| 上下文超限 | prompt_too_long |
reactive compact → 重试 |
| 临时故障 | 429 / 529 | 指数退避 + 抖动,连续 529 可切换备用模型 |
工作原理
路径 1: 输出被截断
模型话说一半,max_tokens 用完了。默认 8000 token 不够它输出完整回答。
第一次发生时,直接把 max_tokens 从 8K 升级到 64K(8 倍空间),重试同一请求——此时不追加截断输出到 messages,保持原始请求不变。如果 64K 还是不够,才保存截断输出并注入续写提示让模型接着刚才的话继续说,最多 3 次:
if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
# First escalation: don't append truncated output, retry same request
if not state.has_escalated:
max_tokens = ESCALATED_MAX_TOKENS
state.has_escalated = True
continue # messages unchanged, same request with more tokens
# 64K still truncated: save output + continuation prompt
messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
if state.recovery_count < MAX_RECOVERY_RETRIES:
messages.append({"role": "user", "content":
"Output token limit hit. Resume directly — "
"no apology, no recap. Pick up mid-thought."})
state.recovery_count += 1
continue
return # still truncated after 3 continuations
# Normal: append after max_tokens check
messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
升级只有一次机会,续写最多 3 次。超过就退出——继续续写也不会有实质产出。
路径 2: 上下文超限
LLM 说"你的上下文太长了"(prompt_too_long)。s08 的四层压缩全跑过了,还是超。
触发 reactive compact——比 auto compact 更激进。教学版只保留最后 5 条消息模拟压缩效果;真实实现会调用 LLM 生成 compact 摘要再重试。压缩后重试。但如果压缩过一次还是超限,只能退出——再压缩也不会变小:
except PromptTooLongError:
if not state.has_attempted_reactive_compact:
messages[:] = reactive_compact(messages)
state.has_attempted_reactive_compact = True
continue
return # 压缩过了还是超限,只能退出
路径 3: 临时故障
网络抖动、429 限流、529 过载——这些不是 bug,是分布式系统的常态。
429 和 529 统一走指数退避 + 抖动:第一次等 0.5 秒,第二次等 1 秒,第三次等 2 秒,最多 10 次。加随机抖动让并发请求不在同一时刻重试。连续 3 次 529 过载 → 切换到备用模型(若配置了 FALLBACK_MODEL_ID 环境变量):
def retry_delay(attempt, retry_after=None):
if retry_after:
return retry_after
base = min(500 * (2 ** attempt), 32000) / 1000
return base + random.uniform(0, base * 0.25)
def with_retry(fn, state, max_retries=10):
for attempt in range(max_retries):
try:
return fn()
except (RateLimitError, OverloadedError):
delay = retry_delay(attempt)
time.sleep(delay)
if is_overloaded:
state.consecutive_529 += 1
if state.consecutive_529 >= 3 and FALLBACK_MODEL:
state.current_model = FALLBACK_MODEL
raise MaxRetriesExceeded()
退避公式:min(500 × 2^attempt, 32000) + random(0~25%)。如果服务器返回 Retry-After header,优先用那个值。
合起来跑
def agent_loop(messages, context):
system = get_system_prompt(context)
state = RecoveryState()
max_tokens = 8000
while True:
try:
response = with_retry(
lambda: client.messages.create(
model=state.current_model, system=system,
messages=messages, tools=TOOLS,
max_tokens=max_tokens),
state)
except Exception as e:
if is_prompt_too_long_error(e):
if not state.has_attempted_reactive_compact:
messages[:] = reactive_compact(messages)
state.has_attempted_reactive_compact = True
continue
return
log_error(e)
return
# max_tokens check BEFORE appending to messages
if response.stop_reason == "max_tokens":
if not state.has_escalated:
max_tokens = 64000
state.has_escalated = True
continue # retry same request, messages unchanged
# save truncated output + continuation prompt
messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
messages.append({"role": "user", "content": CONTINUATION_PROMPT})
continue
# Normal completion
messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response.content})
if response.stop_reason != "tool_use":
return
# ... tool execution ...
外层 try/except 捕获 API 异常(prompt_too_long 等),with_retry 处理瞬态错误(429/529),stop_reason 检查处理截断。三种恢复机制各管各的错误类型。
相对 s10 的变更
| 组件 | 之前 (s10) | 之后 (s11) |
|---|---|---|
| 错误处理 | 无(一碰就崩溃) | 三种恢复模式 + 指数退避 |
| 新常量 | — | ESCALATED_MAX_TOKENS=64000, MAX_RETRIES=10, BASE_DELAY_MS=500, FALLBACK_MODEL |
| 新函数 | — | with_retry, retry_delay, reactive_compact, is_prompt_too_long_error, RecoveryState |
| 工具 | bash, read_file, write_file (3) | bash, read_file, write_file (3) — 不变 |
| 循环 | 裸调用 LLM | try/except 包裹 + continue 重试 |
试一下
cd learn-claude-code
python s11_error_recovery/code.py
试试这些 prompt:
- 让 Agent 生成一段很长的代码,观察截断后是否自动续写(看
[max_tokens] escalating日志) - 连续读取大量文件撑大上下文,观察 reactive compact
- 如果遇到 429/529,观察指数退避的日志输出
接下来
Agent 现在能在错误中自动恢复了。但它处理的任务仍然是"一次性"的——你给它一个任务,它做完,结束。
能不能让 Agent 管理一个任务列表——有依赖关系、持久化到磁盘、跨会话能恢复?TODO 列表不是任务系统。
s12 Task System → 任务是有依赖、有状态、持久化的图。这是多 Agent 协作的基础。
深入 CC 源码
以下基于 CC 源码
query.ts(1729 行)、services/api/withRetry.ts(822 行)、query/tokenBudget.ts(93 行)、utils/tokenBudget.ts(73 行)的分析。
一、十几种 reason/transition(不只是 3 条)
教学版讲了 3 种最常见的恢复模式。CC 实际有十几种 reason/transition,每轮 LLM 调用后都会判断:
| reason/transition | 教学版对应 | CC 行为 |
|---|---|---|
completed |
正常完成 | 返回结果 |
next_turn |
正常工具调用 | 继续下一轮工具执行 |
max_output_tokens_escalate |
路径 1 | 8K→64K 升级 |
max_output_tokens_recovery |
路径 1 续写 | 续写提示(最多 3 次) |
reactive_compact_retry |
路径 2 | reactive compact → 重试 |
prompt_too_long |
路径 2 | 同上 |
collapse_drain_retry |
未展开 | context collapse 先提交暂存 |
model_error |
未展开 | 重试 |
image_error |
未展开 | ImageSizeError / ImageResizeError 专门处理 |
aborted_streaming |
未展开 | 流式中止恢复 |
aborted_tools |
未展开 | 工具中止 |
stop_hook_blocking |
未展开 | 注入 blocking error → 模型自纠 |
stop_hook_prevented |
未展开 | hooks 阻止 |
hook_stopped |
未展开 | hook 停止执行 |
token_budget_continuation |
未展开 | token 用量 < 90% 时继续 |
blocking_limit |
未展开 | 阻塞限制 |
max_turns |
未展开 | 达到最大轮次 |
教学版只展开了前 5 种(最常见的),其余各有专门处理逻辑。
二、指数退避的精确公式
CC 的退避延迟(withRetry.ts:530-548):
delay = min(500 × 2^(attempt-1), 32000) + random(0~25%)
| 尝试 | 基础延迟 | + 抖动 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 500ms | 0-125ms |
| 2 | 1000ms | 0-250ms |
| 4 | 4000ms | 0-1000ms |
| 7+ | 32000ms(上限) | 0-8000ms |
如果服务器返回 Retry-After header,优先用那个值。
三、CONTINUATION 提示原文
CC 的续写提示(query.ts:1225-1227):
Output token limit hit. Resume directly — no apology, no recap of what
you were doing. Pick up mid-thought if that is where the cut happened.
Break remaining work into smaller pieces.
Token budget 的 nudge 提示(tokenBudget.ts:72):
Stopped at {pct}% of token target. Keep working — do not summarize.
四、流式错误处理
CC 的流式路径中,可恢复的错误(413、max_tokens、media error)在 streaming 期间被暂扣不展示(query.ts:788-822)——SDK 消费者看不到,只有恢复逻辑能看到。等 streaming 结束后才判断是否需要恢复。
五、529 → Fallback Model 切换
连续 3 次 529 过载错误后(MAX_529_RETRIES = 3),CC 自动切换到 fallback model(如 Opus → Sonnet)。切换时清除所有 pending 消息和 tool 结果,给用户展示 "Switched to {model} due to high demand"。
六、Diminishing Returns 检测
Token budget 的"继续"不是无限的。当连续 3 次 continuation 且 token 增量 < 500 时,系统判断"继续也没有实质性产出",停止 continuation(tokenBudget.ts:60-62)。