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100 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
100 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
# s02: Tool Use (工具使用)
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`s01 > [ s02 ] s03 > s04 > s05 > s06 | s07 > s08 > s09 > s10 > s11 > s12`
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> *"加一个工具, 只加一个 handler"* -- 循环不用动, 新工具注册进 dispatch map 就行。
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## 问题
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只有 `bash` 时, 所有操作都走 shell。`cat` 截断不可预测, `sed` 遇到特殊字符就崩, 每次 bash 调用都是不受约束的安全面。专用工具 (`read_file`, `write_file`) 可以在工具层面做路径沙箱。
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关键洞察: 加工具不需要改循环。
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## 解决方案
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```
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+--------+ +-------+ +------------------+
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| User | ---> | LLM | ---> | Tool Dispatch |
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| prompt | | | | { |
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+--------+ +---+---+ | bash: run_bash |
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^ | read: run_read |
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| | write: run_wr |
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+-----------+ edit: run_edit |
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tool_result | } |
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+------------------+
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The dispatch map is a dict: {tool_name: handler_function}.
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One lookup replaces any if/elif chain.
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```
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## 工作原理
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1. 每个工具有一个处理函数。路径沙箱防止逃逸工作区。
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```python
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def safe_path(p: str) -> Path:
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path = (WORKDIR / p).resolve()
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if not path.is_relative_to(WORKDIR):
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raise ValueError(f"Path escapes workspace: {p}")
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return path
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def run_read(path: str, limit: int = None) -> str:
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text = safe_path(path).read_text()
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lines = text.splitlines()
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if limit and limit < len(lines):
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lines = lines[:limit]
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return "\n".join(lines)[:50000]
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```
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2. dispatch map 将工具名映射到处理函数。
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```python
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TOOL_HANDLERS = {
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"bash": lambda **kw: run_bash(kw["command"]),
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"read_file": lambda **kw: run_read(kw["path"], kw.get("limit")),
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"write_file": lambda **kw: run_write(kw["path"], kw["content"]),
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"edit_file": lambda **kw: run_edit(kw["path"], kw["old_text"],
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kw["new_text"]),
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}
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```
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3. 循环中按名称查找处理函数。循环体本身与 s01 完全一致。
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```python
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for block in response.content:
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if block.type == "tool_use":
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handler = TOOL_HANDLERS.get(block.name)
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output = handler(**block.input) if handler \
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else f"Unknown tool: {block.name}"
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results.append({
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"type": "tool_result",
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"tool_use_id": block.id,
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"content": output,
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})
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```
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加工具 = 加 handler + 加 schema。循环永远不变。
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## 相对 s01 的变更
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| 组件 | 之前 (s01) | 之后 (s02) |
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|----------------|--------------------|--------------------------------|
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| Tools | 1 (仅 bash) | 4 (bash, read, write, edit) |
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| Dispatch | 硬编码 bash 调用 | `TOOL_HANDLERS` 字典 |
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| 路径安全 | 无 | `safe_path()` 沙箱 |
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| Agent loop | 不变 | 不变 |
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## 试一试
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```sh
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cd learn-claude-code
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python agents/s02_tool_use.py
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```
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试试这些 prompt (英文 prompt 对 LLM 效果更好, 也可以用中文):
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1. `Read the file requirements.txt`
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2. `Create a file called greet.py with a greet(name) function`
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3. `Edit greet.py to add a docstring to the function`
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4. `Read greet.py to verify the edit worked`
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