analysis_claude_code/docs/zh/s08-background-tasks.md

s08: Background Tasks (后台任务)

s01 > s02 > s03 > s04 > s05 > s06 | s07 > [ s08 ] s09 > s10 > s11 > s12

"慢操作丢后台, agent 继续想下一步" -- 后台线程跑命令, 完成后注入通知。

Harness 层: 后台执行 -- 模型继续思考, harness 负责等待。

问题

有些命令要跑好几分钟: npm install、pytest、docker build。阻塞式循环下模型只能干等。用户说 "装依赖, 顺便建个配置文件", 智能体却只能一个一个来。

解决方案

Main thread                Background thread
+-----------------+        +-----------------+
| agent loop      |        | subprocess runs |
| ...             |        | ...             |
| [LLM call] <---+------- | enqueue(result) |
|  ^drain queue   |        +-----------------+
+-----------------+

Timeline:
Agent --[spawn A]--[spawn B]--[other work]----
             |          |
             v          v
          [A runs]   [B runs]      (parallel)
             |          |
             +-- results injected before next LLM call --+

工作原理

1. BackgroundManager 用线程安全的通知队列追踪任务。

class BackgroundManager:
    def __init__(self):
        self.tasks = {}
        self._notification_queue = []
        self._lock = threading.Lock()

2. run() 启动守护线程, 立即返回。

def run(self, command: str) -> str:
    task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]
    self.tasks[task_id] = {"status": "running", "command": command}
    thread = threading.Thread(
        target=self._execute, args=(task_id, command), daemon=True)
    thread.start()
    return f"Background task {task_id} started"

3. 子进程完成后, 结果进入通知队列。

def _execute(self, task_id, command):
    try:
        r = subprocess.run(command, shell=True, cwd=WORKDIR,
            capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=300)
        output = (r.stdout + r.stderr).strip()[:50000]
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        output = "Error: Timeout (300s)"
    with self._lock:
        self._notification_queue.append({
            "task_id": task_id, "result": output[:500]})

4. 每次 LLM 调用前排空通知队列。

def agent_loop(messages: list):
    while True:
        notifs = BG.drain_notifications()
        if notifs:
            notif_text = "\n".join(
                f"[bg:{n['task_id']}] {n['result']}" for n in notifs)
            messages.append({"role": "user",
                "content": f"<background-results>\n{notif_text}\n"
                           f"</background-results>"})
            messages.append({"role": "assistant",
                "content": "Noted background results."})
        response = client.messages.create(...)

循环保持单线程。只有子进程 I/O 被并行化。

相对 s07 的变更

组件	之前 (s07)	之后 (s08)
Tools	8	6 (基础 + background_run + check)
执行方式	仅阻塞	阻塞 + 后台线程
通知机制	无	每轮排空的队列
并发	无	守护线程

试一试

cd learn-claude-code
python agents/s08_background_tasks.py

试试这些 prompt (英文 prompt 对 LLM 效果更好, 也可以用中文):

1. Run "sleep 5 && echo done" in the background, then create a file while it runs
2. Start 3 background tasks: "sleep 2", "sleep 4", "sleep 6". Check their status.
3. Run pytest in the background and keep working on other things