As laid out in RFC 5942, the assumption that a dynamically assigned
(SLAAC/DHCPv6) address implies an on-link subnet, is wrong. lwIP does
currently make that assumption, routing packets according to local
address subnets rather than the on-link prefix list. The result is
that packets may not make it to their destination due to incorrect
routing decisions.
This patch changes the routing algorithms to be (more) compliant with
RFC 5942, by implementing the following new routing policies:
- all routing decisions check the on-link prefix list first, and
select a default router for off-link routing only if there is no
matching entry in the on-link prefix list;
- dynamically assigned addresses (from address autoconfiguration) are
considered /128 assignments, and thus, no routing decisions are taken
based on matches against their (/64) subnet anymore;
- more generally, all addresses that have a lifetime are considered
dynamically assigned and thus of size /128, which is the required
behavior for externally implemented SLAAC clients and DHCPv6;
- statically assigned (i.e., manually configured) addresses are still
considered /64 assignments, and thus, their associated subnet is
considered for routing decisions, in order to behave as generally
expected by end users and to retain backward compatibility;
- the link-local address in IPv6 address slot #0 is considered static
and thus has no lifetime and an implied /64 subnet, although link-
local routing is currently always handled separately anyway.
IPv6 source address selection is kept as is, as the subnet tests in
the algorithm serve as poor man's longest-common-prefix equivalent
there (RFC 6724 Sec. 5, Rule 8).
Previously, IPv6 routing could select a next-hop router on a netif
that was down or disconnected, potentially resulting in packets being
dropped unnecessarily. This patch changes router selection to take
into account the state of the router's associated netif, eliminating
such unnecessary packet loss.
Also, this patch fixes the test for router validity, which was
erroneously based on the router's invalidation timer rather than its
neighbor cache entry state. Given that an expired router has no
associated neighbor cache entry, no invalid routers would previously
ever be returned.
Finally, this patch also adds round-robin selection of routers that
are not known to be reachable or probably reachable, as per RFC 4861
Sec. 6.3.6 point (2). Support for this feature was partially present
but not actually functional.
Previously, Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) would work only for the
link-local address. For DAD-spawned Neighbor Solicitation requests for
any other address, the request would use the link-local address as the
source, meaning the other side would send a targeted reply (RFC 4861
Sec. 7.2.4). However, the nd6 implementation currently does not
consider targeted replies for DAD--even though technically an RFC 4862
Sec. 5.4.4 violation--supposedly because no real-world scenario could
trigger that case. The combination of these factors resulted in DAD
being entirely ineffective for non-link-local addresses.
This patch forces all DAD-spawned Neighbor Solicitation packets to use
the unspecified ('any') address as source, as per RFC 4862 Sec. 5.4.2.
As a result, other nodes would reply with multicast replies, for which
there is appropriate DAD checking code.
The patch also makes a slight rearrangement of statements such that
MLD join messages are sent before the NS packets, rather than after.
In the cases that nd6 checks whether the interface is up before
sending a packet, also check whether the link is up. Without this
additional check, temporary link downtime could easily result in
unnecessary false negatives for Duplicate Address Detection.
In addition, use the netif abstraction macros to perform the checks.
In summary, this patch aims to resolve bugs #47923 and #48162, by
decoupling address autoconfiguration from the on-link prefix list,
since those are not related. Important necessary changes are needed
to meet this goal, ultimately bringing the lwIP ND6 implementation
closer to compliance with RFC 4862. The main changes are:
1. support for address lifetimes, and,
2. addition of a new DUPLICATED address state.
The decoupling implies that the prefix list can no longer be used to
maintain state for address autoconfiguration. Most importantly, the
lifetime of each address, which was previously derived from the
prefix slot's lifetime, must now be associated with the address
itself. This patch implements address lifetime tracking, maintaining
both a valid and a preferred lifetime for each address, along with
the corresponding address state changes (e.g., between PREFERRED and
DEPRECATED), all as required by RFC 4862.
The support for address lifetimes can be enabled with a new
LWIP_IPV6_ADDRESS_LIFETIMES setting in lwipopts.h. It is required for
autoconfiguration and enabled by default if autoconfiguration is
enabled as well, but it may also be enabled separately, so as to allow
application-controlled lifetime management (e.g., if autoconfiguration
is implemented in a separate application). A special valid-lifetime of
zero is used to denote a static address--that is, an address that was
configured manually, that does not have lifetimes, and that should be
left alone by the autoconfiguration functionality. Addresses assigned
without setting a lifetime are deemed static, thus preserving
compatibility with existing lwIP-based applications in this respect.
Similarly, the decoupling implies that the prefix list can no longer
be used to remember cases of address duplication. Previously, the
detection of a duplicated address would simply result in removal of
the address altogether. Instead, this patch introduces a new state
"DUPLICATED", indicating that the address, while technically still
present, has been found to conflict with other node addresses, and no
attempt should be made to produce an autoconfiguration address for
that prefix.
Manually added addresses, including the link-local address, once set
to DUPLICATED, will remain in that state until manual intervention.
Autoconfigured DUPLICATED addresses will expire according to their
valid-lifetime, essentially preserving the current behavior but
without the use of the prefix list. As a first attempt to approach
compliance with RFC 4862 Sec. 5.4.5, if the link-local address is
detected to be duplicated, all derived addresses are marked duplicated
as well, and no new addresses will be autoconfigured. More work is to
be done for full compliance with that section, however.
Together, those two main changes indeed do fully decouple address
autoconfiguration from the on-link prefix list. Changes to the latter
thus no longer affect the former, resolving bug #47923. Moreover, as a
result, autoconfiguration can, and does, now also take place on
advertised prefixes that do not have the on-link flag set, resolving
bug #48162. The routing changes mentioned in the discussion of that
bug are left to a separate patch, though.
If MLD support is enabled, each locally assigned IPv6 address in the
appropriate state must be a member of the solicited-node multicast
group corresponding to that address. Ensure that this is always the
case by (re-)deciding on the membership upon every address state
change. By doing so, this patch enforces that user-initiated state
changes to addresses (e.g., deletion) never cause a desynchronization
with the corresponding solicited-node multicast group membership,
thereby making such user-initiated state changes simpler and safer.
Fix below build error when LWIP_ND6_RDNSS_MAX_DNS_SERVERS == 0
../../../../lwip/src/core/ipv6/nd6.c: In function ‘nd6_input’:
../../../../lwip/src/core/ipv6/nd6.c:400:10: error: unused variable ‘rdnss_server_idx’ [-Werror=unused-variable]
u8_t rdnss_server_idx = 0;
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
cc1: all warnings being treated as errors
../Common.mk:93: recipe for target 'nd6.o' failed
make: *** [nd6.o] Error 1
Fixes: 6b1950ec24bc ("nd6: add support for RDNSS option (as per RFC 6106)")
Signed-off-by: Axel Lin <axel.lin@ingics.com>
Previously, ethip6 and lowpan6 each had their own copy of code that
used internal nd6 data structures to decide whether to send a packet
on the local link right away, or queue it while nd6 performed local
address resolution. This patch moves that code into nd6, thereby
eliminating all remaining cases of external access to internal nd6
data structures, as well as the need to expose two specific nd6
functions.
As a side effect, the patch effectively fixes two bugs in the lowpan6
code that were already fixed in the ethip6 code.
This patch rearranges the code division between nd6.c and ip6.c such
that the latter does not need to access ND6-internal data structures
(specifically, "default_router_list") directly anymore.
The new function, while currently not used internally, allows external
code to clear the ND destination cache in the case that it may have
become inconsistent with the current situation, for example as the
result of a change of locally assigned addresses, or a change in
routing tables implemented through the LWIP_HOOK_ND6_GET_GW hook.
On failure, nd6_get_next_hop_entry() returns an ERR_ type negative
error code. ethip6_output() erroneously assumed that that error would
always be ERR_MEM, even though it may also be ERR_RTE in practice.
With this patch, ethip6_output() simply forwards the returned error.
Generally speaking, packets with a loopback destination address -
127.0.0.1 for IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6 - should not be accepted on
non-loopback interfaces. For IPv4, this is implied by RFC 1122
Sec. 3.2.1.3. For IPv6, it is mandated by RFC 4291 Sec. 2.5.3.
Failure to perform this filtering may have security implications, as
applications that bind sockets to loopback addresses may not expect
that nodes on the local external network be able to produce traffic
that will arrive at such sockets.
With this patch, lwIP drops packets that are sent to a loopback
address but do not originate from the interface that has the loopback
address assigned to it. This approach works regardless of whether it
is lwIP or the system using it that implements a loopback netif. The
only exception that must be made is for configurations that enable
netif packet loopback but disable the lwIP loopback netif: in that
case, loopback packets are routed across non-loopback netifs and would
thus be lost by the new filter as well.
For IPv6, loopback-destined packets are also no longer forwarded; the
IPv4 forwarding code already had a check for that.
As a small performance improvement, the IPv6 link-local/loopback
address check is now performed only once per packet rather than
repeatedly for every candidate netif.
In general, netif_default may be NULL, and various places in the code
already check for this case before attempting to dereference the
netif_default pointer. Some places do not perform this check though,
and may cause null pointer dereferences if netif_default is not set.
This patch adds NULL checks to those places as well.
The mld_group structure no longer has a 'netif' field, as such
structures are now linked from the corresponding netif structure.
For conditional checksumming, use the calling function's netif
reference instead.
Let lwip use functions/macros prefixed by lwip_ internally to avoid naming clashes with external #includes.
Remove over-complicated #define handling in def.h
Make functions easier to override in cc.h. The following is sufficient now (no more LWIP_PLATFORM_BYTESWAP):
#define lwip_htons(x) <your_htons>
#define lwip_htonl(x) <your_htonl>
delay_time and stale_time are ticks now.
reachable_time and invalidation_timer are untouched since they may originate from telegram values -> not converting them to ticks avoids an integer division
Reasoning:
- Makes code in single-netif case perform better and smaller
- IGMP / MLD6 code is a little bit easier to read and understand
- Easier to get multicast groups per netif when implementing drivers
Downside: In multi-netif mode, there are two more pointers on each netif, even if IGMP/MLD6 is not used on it. But these systems should not be so memory-constrained that this will matter.
When leaving a multicast group, remove the group from the list
before invoking the MAC filter callback. This avoids the need
for the callee to skip over the group that is about to be deleted.
